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Overview

Behaviorism, a theory developed in the 1920s, is centered around observable behaviors and external stimuli. It views learning as a product of a stimulus-response mechanism, disregarding internal mental processes. The key concepts of behaviorism include classical conditioning (e.g., Pavlov’s dogs) and operant conditioning (e.g., Skinner’s pigeons). These concepts, along with Robert Gagné’s Nine Events of Instruction and John B. Watson’s formalization of behaviorism, form the foundation of this theory.

Implications of Behaviorism for Instructional Design 

Behaviorism emphasizes measurable objectives and outcomes, using immediate feedback and repetition. It supports structured learning with clear goals and reinforces desired behaviors through conditioning, making it useful for digital and corporate training.

My Opinion on the Strengths and Limitations of Behaviorism in Higher Education and Non-Profits

In higher education, behaviorism is valuable for its structured approach, providing clear goals and  immediate feedback. This helps students stay on track and achieve measurable outcomes. However, it may need to pay more attention to intrinsic motivation and critical thinking skills. In non-profits, behaviorism can help train volunteers with clear, observable goals and reinforcement, ensuring consistent and reliable behavior. However, it may overlook the importance of passion and intrinsic motivation that drives many volunteers. Balancing behaviorism with other learning theories can address these limitations.

 Behaviorism Learning Scenario

Imagine an online learning experience for lawyers to learn basic design principles using Canva, driven by behaviorism. During Zoom sessions, lawyers receive tutorials and complete design exercises. Positive reinforcement is provided through verbal praise and constructive feedback, encouraging the correct application of design principles. Negative reinforcement involves redoing exercises if criteria are not met, with detailed feedback for improvement. Observable behaviors, such as the successful completion of design tasks and improved quality over time, indicate that learning has occurred. This scenario uses behaviorism by focusing on feedback, observable behaviors, and reinforcing desired actions.